Rebellion Reform in Indian Education

Rebellion Reform in Indian Education

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1 Introduction :

Much energy has spent to bring reform in education. Many educationalist along with persons politically motivated tried to bring changes in education. Some of their changes fall in the category of reform and some are not . We are not yet rooting out ‘Old System of Education.' There is no use only to debate on grading system and marking system. Indian Education requires rebellion reform in education and to achieve National goals. The reform is needed especially in Primary and Secondary level and not in only Higher Education Level

2 Characteristics of Rebellion Reform in Education :

Rebellion reform in education will have following characteristics

1) It is a rebel against present system of education.

2) It will help to produce a democratic leader to lead the nation properly . .

3) It will help to show the way to earn the bread . All the students of age group of 13 to 16 will learn how to earn bread.

4) It will help to assist to live the life happily without hurting others.

5) It will help to recognize the importance of unity in diversity.

6) Democracy requires a good citizen, respect the views of other people, recognize the value of the family and of the society..

7) It will help to expand the national & international vision.

8) It will help to adjust with a new situation.

9) It will help to develop the scientific and research mind .

10) It will help to build a good character.

11) It will help to learn how to learn and earn while learning.

12) It adopts the academic reforms previously suggested and incorporating them to achieve the educational goals, set for individual and for Nation as a whole.

13) It is based on psychology of a child and philosophy of democracy of the Nation

14) Marking System at the primary level lead competition at the early stage and some sort of stress is also recommended here. But at the secondary level, no competition, no stress for the purpose of bookish knowledge but for various games in sports and for creating work. Various professions are introduced for the age group of 17 to 18 where they need. And higher education is left for interdisciplinary subjects to integrate the views of many to proceed.

15) It brings value to educated people in the society. We see educated people are bowing down in the society. They have no value at all . The people make questions what one receives through education. But this rebellion reform will bring value to the educated people in the society.

16) It gives good result at the end of any Level of education .

17) It incorporates various previous thoughts of education made by great educationalist. Swami Vivekanand's Gurukul System, Ravindranath Tagor's Santiniketan, Mahatma Gandhi's Nai Talim can be implemented through this new reform. Educational reforms suggested by U.G.C. can also be brought in this system, Internal Assessment, Grading System, Semester system and Question Banking should also be implemented through this reform.

18) It fulfills the need of the society and of the Nation today and of the future.

19) It does not disturb the present set up of education pattern. Therefore the views spread in the society about various levels of education pattern will not be disturbed.

20) It welcomes techniques and technology since its primary level of education. It motivates to use it in daily work . The provision is made to browse web and search for more information.

3 Rebellion Thoughts :

‘ Present system of education that shapes out, out of the British Rule has to root out thoroughly. India should adopt a new type of education considering its Democracy , Integrity, Fraternity and Brotherly hood. If educated people do not succeed in their life , it is failure of the system . Therefore it requires radical change in the complete education system, in the governance, in the curricula, in the syllabi, in the evaluation pattern, in the criteria for declaring pass and fail, medium of instruction, and teaching methods etc. It requires action and action only and not mere declarations on paper.'

Primary Level : 1st to 7th Standards :

1) Primary level education is meant for General Education.

2) Medium of instruction at this stage will be Mother tongue.

3) For the purpose of evaluation,50% weight age should be given for continuing assessment and 50% weight age for end examination.

4) Marking system should be followed as an assessment criteria. No grading system for content subjects.

5) Examinations of each standard should be conducted at School level. It may include two term end examinations and four tests. But for 4th standard and 7th standard examinations should be conducted at Tahsil and / or District level. This examination will be meant for only general knowledge paper and scholarships should be given based on the marks obtained in this examination.

6) A student should be declared pass if he/she acquired 40% marks combined in continuous assessment and in term papers. Passing in General Knowledge Paper in 4th and 7th standard will not be made compulsory to declare a student pass. Students should be allowed to get admission in the next year though they may not have cleared General Knowledge Paper.

7) It is necessary to change radically the present curricula and syllabus immediately. It should develop various skills like listening , speaking, reading, writing, communication, observation and use of library. It should also develop the scientific view of the students and help to understand basic mathematics.

8) Books at this level will be written in the state language. They should be very attractive and pictorial. Much animation is needed at this stage.

9) Learning experiences ,at the primary level, will be given using Play Way Method. Various visits at different places will be organized .Childhood of great men/women will be put forth and not mere dull history. More emphasize is given on recitation at this stage.

10) Primary stage is the most molding stage. Every new things are expected to be introduced at this stage. Therefore, necessary arrangement for teachers' training is required at this stage. Well trained teachers are required to be appointed, especially a language teachers. If any state is going to start English at the first year of the primary level, teachers who had gone through convent school are required to be appointed, and not the teachers who had had only degree for English language . Otherwise it is better to start English from fifth standard.

11) General Knowledge paper should be prescribed for all standards. But scholarship examination will be conducted at fourth and seventh standards only.

Secondary Level : 8th to 10th Standards:

1. All the education at the Secondary level is meant for Vocational Education, that includes cooking ,painting ,music, drama, electrical, electronics, civil, stove /watch/ cycle/ motorcycle/ TV/ Radio/ Mobile/ Refrigerator repairing , pluming, mason, carpenter, etc. There will be liberty to add the various vocational courses here at this Level.

2. Medium of instruction should be Mother Tongue for all courses. But Medium of instruction for vocational courses may be in colloquial English.

3. For the purpose of evaluation,70% weight age will be for the practical and 30% weight age for the content.

4. Grading system should be followed as an assessment criteria.

5. Examinations should be conducted at the School level. No Board Examination. But for 10th standard examination will be arranged for general knowledge paper only for which marks will be allotted to announce scholarships.

6. A student should be declared pass if he/she acquired ‘C Grade' combined in practical and theory examination. Passing in General Knowledge Paper in 10th standard will not be made compulsory to declare a student pass.

7. It is necessary to change radically the present curricula and syllabus immediately. The whole pattern will have to be changed at this level. It should be useful for developing ‘Vocational Skills' and for acquiring various ‘Skills in Sports' and ‘Skills in Cultural Activities'. Students should speak at least colloquial English language at this stage. In additional to the vocational courses provision also be made to develop scientific view of the students and to understand Algebra.

8. Books for Vocation Subjects will be written in simple English and in Hindi at the national level .Every state, if requires, use the state language and write the books in both the languages in two fold mode. Various diagrams should be given for an explanation.

9. Various practical will be arranged for vocational courses. Creativity of students will be motivated. More weight age should be given on Sports, NCC, NSS, Social work etc. Various visits at industries, state and national geographical places will have to be arranged . Students are expected to write the report of visits.

10. Secondary level is meant for vocational courses. Therefore it is required that teachers should be well trained. They are expected to explain the subject in simple English. Many demonstrations will be arranged for practice for the teachers. Sport teachers and teachers of cultural activities will be renowned teachers. They should be a master in at least one item. Sometimes it is also preferred jack of all trades but master of none.

11. General Knowledge paper should be prescribed for all the standards. But scholarship examination will be conducted at the tenth standard only.

Higher Secondary Level ; 11th to 12th Standards:

1) Higher Secondary level is meant for Introduction to Profession Education.

2) Medium of instruction at this stage will be English preferably. But Mother tongue will also be used as a medium of instruction.

3) For the purpose of evaluation, twenty percent weight age will be given for continuing assessment and eighty percent weight age will be for end examination..

4) At this stage, marking system will be preferable as an assessment criteria.

5) One National Board Examination should be followed at this stage. No CET or other examination will be conducted as an entrance test to get the admission of any course The marks obtained in the Board Exam. will be treated as the criteria for admission of any courses. .

6) A student should be declared pass if he/she acquires 40% marks combined in continuous assessment and term papers. Passing in General Knowledge Paper will not be made compulsory to declare a student pass.

7) It is necessary to change radically the present curricula and syllabus immediately. Professional Courses like Agriculture, Commerce, Humanities & Social Sciences, Languages, Computer Science , Health Science, Education, Science & Technology, etc., their general out look, nature of the courses and skill development should be introduced in the 11th Standard . The syllabus for 12th standard will be one and the same throughout the Nation. The first paper will meant for General Knowledge which will be evaluated through the objective type test. The Second paper will be also of General Knowledge but descriptive in nature. Third paper should be of English . These three papers should be compulsory subjects. And out of the following subjects any three should be chosen from any groups given below.

Group 1 : Social Science : Economics, Psychology, Politics, History, Sociology. Group 2 : Language : Hindi , Mother tongue, Sanskrit , Urdu

Group 3 : Science : Physics, Chemistry, Biology , Mathematics. Botany , Zoology

Group 4 : Commerce :Book keeping, Accountancy, Co-operation Secretarial Practice Group 5 : Agriculture : Agro Eco., Floriculture, Fruit culture., etc.

Group 6: Technology: Computer hard ware, Soft ware, Information technology, MIS

There will be liberty to add the subjects here at this Level. But the curricula will consist only of general introduction of the subjects.

8) The books will be prescribed at the national level. The language may be English or Hindi. Every state may translate it in its state language.

9) At this level, learning experiences will be given emphasizing on group discussion. A small project is expected to carry on at this stage. Gathering data, analyzing and interpreting the data and writing report should be taught at this stage.

10) At the higher secondary level, teachers are required to introduce various professions to the students. Therefore, they are the key persons here. The proper training is required to them. They should have the knowledge of at least one subject and they must welcome the other subjects also. The teachers should help the students to compare various professions. .

11) The paper on General Knowledge should be prescribed for both the standards. But scholarship will be given based on the marks obtained in the twelfth standard only.

Degree & Higher Education Level:

1) Higher education is meant for Disciplinary and interdisciplinary Education.

2) Medium of instruction at this stage will be English. But students can be allowed to choose their mother tongue for all standards.

3) For the purpose of evaluation,80% weight age will be for end examination and 20% weight age will be for assignments, Semester system should be followed at this level.

4) Only Grading system should be followed as an assessment criteria.

5) Examinations will be conducted at the University level. Open Book Examination system should be followed. Semester System is better to implement at this stage.

6) A student should be declared pass if he/she acquired ‘C Grade' in the five point scale to declare successfully completed the subject and ‘B Grade' in all subjects combined.

7) The curricula and syllabus at this stage will be written to develop a profession and also for doing researches and for the purpose finding out resources. The use of library and internet for various purposes has to be given much importance at this stage. The curricular frame work should recognize outside the nation to reach to the whole world and go across the boundaries of disciplines.

8) The books are reference books written in any language, mostly in English.

9) At this stage learning experiences should be directed towards self study. Students are expected to use references properly and own creation is encouraged.

10)At the degree and higher education level, at the present set up, teachers' training is not made compulsory. But it is required to make the provision for teachers' training. The teachers should know the various self study skills and also to know how they should be transferred and cultivated. They have to keep their knowledge update. Therefore various refresher courses will be arranged for the teachers. Every teacher has to attend one such type refresher course at least once in a year. They are encouraged to attend seminars with their articles.

11) General Knowledge paper should be made compulsory to all the standards. But it is required at this stage students to get ready to appear for UPSC or State Level Examinations.

Special recommendations at the degree and higher education level:

1) Single Higher Education Commission leading to appropriate autonomous Councils for various areas, should be established as recommended by Yash Pal Committee.

2) Colleges and also Universities should be accredited.

3) Governance of Universities should be like of IIT or IIM.

4) Credit system should also be adopted and the provision should be made for transferring the credits from one program to another one.

5) Interdisciplinary approach is always welcome here.

4 Action Plan :

The reform requires much debate on the issues we face in today's education. . Each state should invite suggestions which should be collectively thought over. District level forum for the purpose be established and pros and cons at each district be discussed. All the final discussion will be collected at the state level. State level committee will consider the discussions and publish their final thoughts in this regard to the public and invite suggestions again

Central Level Committee will consolidate, and if necessary, modify wherever necessary and again publish it to the public. And invite suggestions.

The final draft should be implemented at the National level first. State level Committee will be responsible for Primary/School Education. National level committee will be responsible for secondary level and higher secondary level education. Higher Secondary level curricula, syllabi, and books prescribed for the National level may be used as it is in the state or they can be translated into the state language.

Higher education will be monitored by single Higher Education Commission (HEC) along with autonomous Councils for various areas as suggested by Yash Pal Committee.

The rebellion reform in education has given most weight age on Primary, Secondary and Higher Secondary level and not on Higher Education.

5 Concluding Remarks:

Rebellion reform includes general education for primary level , vocation education for secondary level, beginning of professional education will be at higher secondary level and interdisciplinary education will be at higher level. It includes no separate scholarship examination or entrance examination out of regular studies. It includes in the regular studies. More stress is given at the secondary level. One can earn his bread though he / she left the school . No stress in studying. No board examinations. It will prevent suicide .Medium of instruction is the state language but provision is made to use English or Hindi language. Curricula and syllabus will be the same for vocational and professional subjects throughout the nation. It will bring unity in whole nation.

These are not the recommendations but these are the thoughts, may be called them as rebellion thoughts. If these are implemented we can able to throw away the old system of education and bring a new one. If we succeed in it, coming generation will bless us.

References:

Bhatia Kamal and Bhatia Baldev (1986)The Philosophical and Sociological Foundation of Education ,Doaba House ,Booksellers &Publishers, 1688,Nai SARAK, Delhi 110006

Brameld, Theodore(1965) Education for the Emerging Age.New York: Harper and Row.

D. Khanna & Others: Education in the Emerging Indian Society , Dola House , 1688,SARAK, Delhi 11006

Dewey ,John (1966) Democracy and Education, New York: Free Press.

Government of India ,Report of the Education Commission : 1964-66

Government of India , Report of the Secondary Education Commission ,New Delhi ,1952

Kumar Ravi (Ed.)(2006) : The Crisis of Elementary Education in India,Sage Publication India Private Ltd,B-42,Panchsheel Inclave New Delhi 110017

Shrimali ,K.L.(1959) The Wardha Scheme,Udaipur:Vidhya Bhuvan Society.

Singh U.K. & Sudarshan K.N.(2007): Primary Education, Discovery Publishing House New Delhi 110002

Varkey,C.J.and Hussain , Zakir(1940) The Wardha Scheme of Education . Oxford: The University Press.

Yash Pal Committee (2009) Report of the Committee to Advise on Renovation and Rejuvenation of Higher Education .

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